Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2012 feature the new Modern user interface. These features and functionalities in Windows Server 2012 R2 have either been removed from the product in the current release or are planned for potential removal in subsequent releases (“deprecated”).Ĭommon Management Tasks and Navigation in Windows This document summarizes key information about the supported upgrade paths from previously licensed retail versions of Windows Server to Windows Server 2012 R2.įeatures Removed or Deprecated in Windows Server 2012 R2 Upgrade Options for Windows Server 2012 R2 These release notes address the most critical issues and information about the Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system. Release Notes: Important Issues in Windows Server 2012 R2 This document provides information about installing the Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system, including important steps to take prior to installation, supported upgrade paths for the release, and information about installing versions distributed as virtual hard disk (VHD) files. System Requirements and Installation Information for Windows Server 2012 R2 Related updates have also been released for Windows 8.1 and Windows 8.1 RT. This topic summarizes the features included in the Windows Server 2012 R2 Update. Create and upload a Windows Server VHD to Azure Did you know that Microsoft Azure provides similar functionality in the cloud? Learn more about Microsoft Azure virtualization solutions.Ĭreate a hybrid virtualization solution in Microsoft Azure:
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If the Download link is broken or the installation process has problems, please comment below the article to fix the error. + Download Take-Ownership for Fix pniopcac.exe error Password Extract: It offers a user-friendly interface and a range of features that simplify the process of programming and debugging. + Download STEP7 MicroWIN V4 for PLC S7-200 (Windows 32bit) step 7 micro win smart v2.0 Gratuit Télécharger logiciels à UpdateStar - The STEP 7-Micro/WIN SMART is a software program developed by to aid in the programming of Siemens PLCs. + Download STEP7 MicroWIN V4-SP9 for PLC S7-200 (Windows 64bit) Succeed and Enjoy Instructions for installing MicroWin software by video This pniopcac.exe error will show up so every time you restart your computer, follow the video below to fix this error: How to fix pniopcac.exe error Link Download Software (GoogleDrive) + Step 7: Select OK to finish the software installation + Step 6: If you use Windows10, you may get pniopcac.exe error during the installation process, select Ignore to continue. For detailed procedures please refer to the STEP 7 help. + Step 5: The software will begin to install in a few minutes STEP 7', 'Modifiying the System During Operation via CiR' and 'Automation System S7400H - Fault-Tolerant Systems' is an extract from the HTML-based Help on STEP 7. win a fight is from what you know, but the second way is from endurance. + Step 2: Run the setup.exe file and select the language to install 7 STREET SMARTS i-learned lessons from an )nventional father, page 110 IT 8. Soupier tundra &MHDQH Melting permafrost could make Alaska hiking a. To install these, you need a valid license for Microwin v4.0, 6ES7810-2CC03-0YX0. + Step 1: Download and extract the software with password The link provided by Bjorarkor allow you to download only the latest SP8 and SP9 for Microwin v4.0. Today would like to share with you STEP7 MicroWIN V4 software for both 32 and 64 bit operating systems Instructions to install software STEP7 MicroWIN V4 for Windows10 For this type, you need a COM port or a COM to USB converter cord. + Use a PC / PPI Cable to connect to the S7-200 via RS232 port. Dear Experts,Currently I have problem to open my existing program gave by my machine maker, it shows 2 pop up errors as follows:1) STEP 7-Micro/WIN SMART 'All or part of the path is invalid. + Use a PC / PPI cable USB cable to connect to S7-200 via USB. The wizard can generate the position instructions, you can dynamically control the speed and position in your application with these instructions. To program and communicate with your S7-200, you need one of the following connections: position control wizard provided by the STEP 7- Micro/WIN SMART can help you complete the PWM and the PTO configuration in a few minutes. Siemens STEP7 V5.6 / Professional 2017 Download.Download MicroWIN SMART for PLC S7-200 Smart Software.The software also allows connection between PLC and EM241 communication modules, position control module EM, monitor TD200 … STEP7 MicroWin_V4 is programming software PLC S7-200 from Siemens. 13 Moreover, significant reduction in CSF concentrations of pro-inflammatory molecules including interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been described after spinal cord stimulation (SCS). 11, 12 In a cross-sectional clinical study, Bäckryd et al reported a significant increase of chemokines levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neuropathic pain when compared to healthy controls. 10Ĭytokines are involved in several nervous system biological processes including neurogenesis, neuron outgrowth, neural survival, and synaptic pruning, transmission and plasticity. 9 Therefore, early stimulation devices have been continuously updated with adaptive programming and a wide array of new lead placements, frequencies and stimulation patterns. 8 Conventional SCS devices were able to elicit paresthesia through electrical stimulation of the dorsal columns and, since their inception, technical complexity has grown exponentially. Melzack and Wall originally proposed the gate control theory of pain which led to the current description of the SCS mechanisms of action. Initially, the development of novel therapeutic approaches for patients experiencing nociceptive and/or neuropathic chronic pain was driven by the necessity to avoid long-term side effects resulting from the chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid therapies. However, the impact of these neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory responses on the onset of acute pain and its transition to chronic entities in humans is yet to be determined. 6 Both mechanisms have been widely studied in animals laying the groundwork for specific pain therapies in humans. 4, 5 Preclinical evidence has identified neuroimmune and inflammatory neuromodulatory responses in the nervous system (eg pathological activation of microglia and astrocytes in the spinal cord) as two of the major contributors to pain pathogenesis and persistence. Glial cells such as microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and ependymal cells have shown to alter activity and gene expression when exposed to physiological stressors, including nerve damage. Neuroinflammation, including alteration of glial cells function following nerve injury or gliosis, has emerged as a promising mechanism triggering the transition to chronic back pain. Chronic low back pain (LBP) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders including, but not limited to, persistent spinal pain syndrome and radicular pain. 1, 2 Undoubtedly, chronic pain results in a significant physical, psychological, emotional and economic burden for patients. Chronic pain is a well-known clinical entity affecting a substantial proportion of the general population. When playing the Camera Path, the Replay's time will interpolate between the set Time Keyframes in the Keyframes' intervals. You can set a Time Keyframe using the "Add Time Keyframe" button.Ī Time Keyframe initially contains the Replay's point in time when creating the Keyframe. Time Keyframes can be used to precisely control time travelling during a Camera Path.Įvery Time Keyframe represents a timestamp in the Replay itself. Troubleshootingĥ.1 No FFmpeg installation found 5.2 Crash while rendering 5.3 Unsupported Launchers 5.4 Compatibility with other Modsĥ.4.1 General information 5.4.2 Shaders Mod 5.4.3 Custom Main Menu 5.4.4 Tickrate Changer 5.4.5 LabyMod 5.4.6 OldAnimationsMod 5.4.7 Orange's 1.7 Animations 5.4.8 Sk1er Club: Patcher 5.4.9 Baritone 5.4.10 RandomPatches 5.4.11 Sodium 5.4.12 Resource Loader 5.4.13 LiteLoader Replayingģ.1.1 Basic Controls 3.1.2 Camera Roll 3.1.3 Spectating Entities 3.2 Controlling Timeģ.2.1 Replay Speed 3.2.2 Jumping in Time 3.3 Camera Pathsģ.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Keyframe Timeline 3.3.3 Position Keyframesģ.3.3.1 Path Interpolation 3.3.3.2 Path Preview 3.3.4 Time Keyframesģ.3.4.1 Synchronizing Timelines 3.3.5 Spectator Keyframes 3.3.6 Editing Keyframes 3.3.7 Removing Keyframes 3.3.8 Keyframe Repository 3.4 Renderingģ.4.1.1 Default Rendering 3.4.1.2 Stereoscopic Rendering 3.4.1.3 Cubic Rendering 3.4.1.4 Equirectangular Rendering 3.4.2 Video Settingsģ.4.2.1 Video Resolution 3.4.2.2 Video Framerate 3.4.2.3 Video Encoding and Quality 3.4.3 Advanced Settingsģ.4.3.1 Render Nametags 3.4.3.2 Stabilize Camera 3.4.3.3 Chroma Keying 3.4.3.4 Depth Map 3.4.4 Command Line Settingsģ.4.4.1 Custom Command 3.4.4.2 Command Line Arguments 3.4.5 Rendering Performance 3.5 Ambient Lighting 3.6 Quick Mode 3.7 Player Overview 3.8 Thumbnails 3.9 Event Markers 4. 1.1 Installing the Replay Mod 1.2 Installing FFmpegġ.2.1 Windows 1.2.2 Mac OSX 1.2.3 Linux 1.3 Settings 1.4 Accounts 2. It was mentioned often enough but nothing ever came of it. I wish there had been more about Brittany being pregnant or Adrianna being a vegan. So much of these conversations are just people saying words at each other to fill time. There’s also some pretty cringy, awkward, unneeded dialogue. It would have been cool if the bodies were never found because they were eaten by the pigs and the Piglady’s guilt was never proven or something. They just lumbered around and, once in awhile, bent their heads down to eat something. There weren’t any closeups of them chowing down on screaming humans, blood dripping from their snouts. I’m just going to come right out and say it… pigs aren’t scary. Sandra Dee Tryon as the Piglady What Doesn’t Work in Piglady Both Alicia Karami and Kerri Davis were great with what they had been given. Fair’s Hunter was an asshole in the beginning, but by the end, he was less so, and I felt like that attitude should have been continued throughout the runtime. He is such a natural actor and was totally believable in his role. I have to mention Liam Samuel Watkins and his portrayal of Tony. I can’t imagine how hard it was to film pigs, but seeing them everywhere was pretty cool. She is brutal and kills everyone-and everything-in her path. She becomes this force, superhuman, that can’t be stopped. I also thought it was a good idea to show the Piglady mostly from the neck down. One interesting tidbit about this film is that it was mostly filmed on the property alongside Susan Monica’s farm. Truth is often stranger than fiction, and there are so many messed up stories out there. I love that Piglady took a gruesome true story and twisted it up into a slasher nightmare. They’ve decided to stay at Hunter’s dad’s cabin in Oregon, but when the Piglady meets them and finds out who they are, the shit hits the fan. Along with them are Tony (Qatkins) and Adrianna (Davis), friends of Brittany’s. The film’s plot follows said son, Hunter (Fair), an angry, gun-toting alpha male dating Brittany (Karami) who, unbeknownst to him, is actually pregnant. In Piglady, a hulking, intimidating pig farmer living on her own is confronted with the son of the man who has been trying to buy her property and seeks revenge. She ended up getting convicted and is now serving 2 consecutive 25-year sentences for her crimes. Strangely enough, after I watched this screener, I happened upon an episode of Signs of a Psychopath where psychiatrists analyzed Monica’s video confession. She wasn’t clear how Steve Delicino actually died, but he was definitely eaten. Supposedly she shot him to put him out of his misery. She did admit that the second guy, Robert Haney, was still alive when the pigs started eating him. It’s not clear if she made them a piggy breakfast to get rid of the bodies or if it was because her pigs were hungry. Back in 2014, an Oregonian pig farmer named Susan Monica was found to have murdered two men-handymen who worked on her farm-and fed them to her pigs. The film comes to us through Preacher Boys Productions.Īs I mentioned above, Piglady is inspired by true events. DB Cooper 2014), Lazarus Tate ( Stage Fright TV series), Shyvhan Storm (as Shyvhan Gonzales: Soul Ties 2022), Geno Romo ( Millionaire Man 2017), and newcomer Sandra Dee Tryon as Piglady. Other cast members include Karri Davis ( Chasing Molly 2019), Alicia Karami ( Once Upon A Time… In Hollywood 2019), Liam Samuel Watkins ( Bigfoot vs. Fair and Johnson also star as Hunter and Caleb Jones, respectively. Piglady was directed by Adam Fair ( Son of a Preacher 2019) from a script co-written by Fair and Producer Alex C. A group of friends, while on a Christmas vacation to a cabin in Southern Oregon, learn of a rumor of an antisocial woman who allegedly murders people and feeds her victims to pigs. The film is based on true events, inspired by the Susan Monica murders that took place in Oregon in 20, where a woman fed her murdered farmhands to her pigs. Piglady is a 2023 slasher film from filmmakers Adam Fair and Lyon Mitchell. Over a wide range of temperatures, the speed of sound in water increases as the density drops. Where is the air density, p is the pressure, and is the adiabatic index. Density drops when the mass of the egg lowers but the volume remains constant.Ĭ = √(γ * p / ρ) is the formula for calculating sound speed in air. The salinity of the water and whether the egg sinks or floats in it determine whether it sinks or floats. Is it better for Egg to float or sink in seawater? What tool is used to determine the density of water?Ī hydrometer is a device used to determine the density of water.Ĥ. This table serves as a quick reference guide for users seeking various conversion factors related to volume and weight. To acquire the density as soon as possible, use the calculate button.ģ. p w partial pressure of water vapor (Pa, N/m 2 ) w density of water vapor (kg/m 3 ) R w 461.5 - individual gas constant water vapor (J/kg K) T absolute dry bulb temperature (K) Density of Moist Air - an Air Vapor. In the Density of Sea Water Calculator's required input fields, you must enter the temperature, the salinity of seawater, and the pressure. The density of the water vapor can be calculated. What is the Water Density Calculator and how do I use it? The salinity of saltwater is calculated by combining the mass of clean water with the quantity of salt S = m 1/(m + m o)Ģ. The amount of salt in seawater is known as salinity. If you know the density and volume of the water, then you can calculate the mass of the water with the help of the following formula: Density Mass/Volume. With more salinity and more external pressure, the density of saltwater increases.įor more concepts check out to get quick answers by using this free tool. The density of water at room temperature is about 1 kilogram per litre (kg/L) at 39.2☌ or 0.99802 g/ml at 21☌. Its formula is as follows ρ(T,S,p) = ρ(T) + f(T,S,p) Where ρ(T) = pure water density. It is used to measure the volume of irregularly shaped objects or solids by determining the amount of water they displace when fully submerged. The density of salt water is determined by the temperature, salinity, and pressure of the water. Water displacement is a scientific concept that refers to the phenomenon of an object displacing an amount of water equal to its own volume when submerged in water. The salinity of saltwater refers to the amount of salt present in it. ☌Γü╡) are the values of the coefficients. ΡΓéÇ = 999.83311 kg/m³, aΓéü = 0.0752 kg/(m³ Water has a density of 1000kg/m³, therefore anything that floats in water has less density than that, and anything that sinks has a greater density (for example, cooking oil is around 920kg/m³ tin is 7310kg/m³ cork is 240kg/m³ and Aerogel, one of the least dense solids we know of, has a density of 1kg/m³). The temperature equation is as follows ρ(T) = ρ o + a 1T + a 2T 2 + a 3T 3 + a 4T 4 + a 5T 5 Water's fascinating attribute is that it reaches its greatest density at 4☌. Model for Calculating the Density of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions J. As a result, the water mass remains constant while the volume increases, generating an increase in density. Calculator for computing the density of water as a function of temperature using the Kell equation. The change in density with temperature is related to thermal expansion, which asserts that as the temperature rises, the amount of space occupied by a substance increases. Water density is affected by temperature and pressure. The density of a substance is calculated using the formula = mass of the substance/volume of the substance Water density is measured in kg/m³, lb/ft³, g/ml or g/cm³. This animation is touch-enabled.The density of a substance is defined as the mass to volume ratio of the substance. Students enter the temperature of the water and then record the density of water at the entered temperature. The Water Density Calculator is an interactive animation that can be displayed on the lab report submission webpage.
Many players prefer string linkage because it is silent when engaged. The string is attached to posts and wrapped around parts of the valve to achieve this. Trigger Trombones with Mechanical Linkage in AmazonĪ string linkage uses a string to move the parts of the valve when the trigger is depressed. Though this type of linkage requires less maintenance than a string, it does make a bit of a clicking noise when used. There are two types of linkage that open and close the valve on an F attachment: string or mechanical.Ī mechanical linkage uses metal arms with ball and socket joints to open and close the valve. One can always upgrade to an open wrap on the path to professional status. High school and college trombone players, especially those who will find themselves on the marching field, will probably be better off with a closed wrap trigger trombone. There is one very good reason to have a closed wrap trigger trombone: protection from dings and scratches to the tubing or damage to the tuning slide.īecause of the compactness of the closed wrap and the fact that all the tubing is confined within the bell section, it is less exposed to accidents. Still, a closed wrap will always have more bends in the tubing than an open wrap. However, a closed wrap enthusiast may say that a well constructed trombone with a closed wrap can have just as good an airflow as an open wrap. There are simply fewer bends in an open wrap that the air must flow through than in a closed wrap. So which is better? Most trombonists, particularly professional trombonists, say that the overall playability of an open wrap is better because the air flow through the horn is less restricted. Closed Wrap Trigger Trombones on AmazonĪn open wrap trigger trombone allows the tubing to beyond the crook of the bell section. The tubing in an F-attachment is going to be referred to as either having a closed wrap or an open wrap.Ī closed wrap, sometimes referred to as traditional wrap, trigger trombone keeps all the extra tubing confined within the bell section of the trombone. Here’s a breakdown of the different attributes of an f-attachment and what they can do for you. When you are looking at a trigger trombone, it’s critical to understand what you’re looking at. Remember to return the favor and help others as well Posting NSFW content here will earn you a ban and a report to the reddit moderators. If you are banned from r/CrackWatch, don't post here. No asking or sharing download links that contain illegal content (cracks, bypasses etc.)ĭon't be rude, racist, sexist. No shitposting, trollposting, or asking troll questions ex. If your question does not get answered in here, please do not go to r/crackwatch to post your question there. Also please keep it in english, so everyone understands you. As usual, do not request, distribute or link any illegal form of the software, be it either bypass or crack. You can post a thread and ask any question about cracks here. Message the mods if you think you are getting blocked by the spam filter or have any questions, comments or suggestions.Welcome to r/CrackSupport, a sister subreddit under the ownership of r/CrackWatch. Photoshop CS2 is NOT (and has never been) free. And yes, it's cheaper than getting PS alone (long story, don't ask). The cheapest way to get Photoshop is with the Photography Plan, which includes Lightroom and costs about $10/month depending on where you are. NO PHOTOSHOP REQUESTS!!! in case you missed it the first time around. Asking how to alter official papers, screenshots, ID cards, licenses, masking signatures and removing watermarks will also result in a permanent ban.īe nice. Posts and comments about DRM circumventing / file sharing of Photoshop or any other commercial software will result in a permanent ban. UPPER CASE TITLES and "Urgent!" posts will also be removed. Posts with titles like "A composite I made", "Made this because I was bored", or "what do you guys think about this?" will be removed.ĭon't humble brag with titles like "My first try at Photoshop, It's not much but I'm proud.". Posting before/after pics is encouraged.Īlso explain the motivation or context behind your work, or what you were trying to achieve. Leave a comment shortly explaining the process of how you created your artwork / edit. When posting your Photoshop creations, explain the process and context. You can share several works at once by making an album.Īlso consider being an active member of the community by commenting on others' posts and helping users solve their problems.ĭigital paintings should be posted on a more relevant subreddit, such as /r/DigitalPainting You can post content you have made with Photoshop as long as you have actually put some effort in.ĭon't use the subreddit as a personal art gallery You can share your creations, but you must wait at least 10 days before posting more. For image identification see /r/sleuths and /r/RBI, for fonts see /r/identifythisfont Mods can and will remove content that does not meet our quality standards, such as memes, face swaps, beginner/low effort/unoriginal edits, low resolution images or questions like "is this photoshopped?" or "What font is this?". No URLs or social media handles in post titles.ĭon't post Photoshop creations that promote real brands or products (such as advertisements, YouTube thumbnails etc.) Posting content with the sole purpose of promoting your YouTube channel / website is not allowed. Check /r/picrequests or /r/photoshoprequest instead List of Photoshop Assets (Brushes, Plugins, Textures etc.) r/Photoshop's list of helpful learning resources (Start here if you are new!) This group is for general questions, tricks, techniques, troubleshooting and so forth. Welcome to the Adobe Photoshop subreddit. Click here to show unsolved question posts (and try to help the posters) The Sidebar No guarantee, warranty or representation of any kind is made regarding the completeness or accuracy of descriptions or measurements (including square footage measurements and property condition), such should be independently verified, and Compass expressly disclaims any liability in connection therewith. and/or other countries.Ĭorporate Responsibility, Privacy & Legal Notices: Compass is a licensed real estate broker, licensed to do business as Compass RE in Delaware, Idaho, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Tennessee, Compass Real Estate in Washington, DC, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, Wyoming and Idaho, Compass Realty Group in Missouri and Kansas, and Compass Carolinas, LLC in South Carolina. She was an Associate at Thompson & Knight and Neligan & Foley and a Partner at Andrews Kurth and Jackson Walker.Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Terms of Service, Privacy Center, Scam Avoidance, Responsible Disclosure, Compass is an E-Verify employer, Notice for California Applicants, California COVID-19 Rules of Entry, and Your CA Privacy RightsĬOMPASS, the Compass logo, and other various trademarks, logos, designs, and slogans are the registered and unregistered trademarks of Compass, Inc. Monica graduated cum laude with a Bachelor’s in Business Administration from James Madison University and earned her J.D., also cum laude, from Southern Methodist University Law School. “I embrace the Force 10 ethos of going far beyond the typical, attorney role to navigate a business back toward long-term prosperity.” “I am very entrepreneurial in spirit,” Monica says. ft Property Description Stunning 3BR, 3. Monica will continue her leadership of BAX Advisors. Oakhurst Drive 4, Beverly Hills, California 90210 17,750 Property Details Beds3 Baths4.5 Garage0 Bldg Size2,683 sq. Featured on The American Dream TV series and ranked within the Top 2 of agents nationwide, her trusted perspective, acute discretion and thorough and. Second daughter, Molly, was born in 1993 to complete the family. Susan Kastner is committed to providing the most comprehensive and distinguished real estate services within the distinctive Westside communities from Beverly Hills to Pacific Palisades. She frequently speaks, advises, and consults with major corporations, banks, law firms, accounting firms, and other organizations around the world. In 1992, my husband, Michael Soloff and I, both lawyers, with our 2-year-old daughter, Hilary, moved to a 1923 cottage-like home in Santa Monica, the city we believed offered the very best of Southern California. From community activities to giving gifts and. Our Charitable Impact Team works with older people across the West of England to find ways of helping older people to flourish. Monica is an At-Large Director at the International Women’s Insolvency & Restructuring Confederation and is Founder of BAX Advisors for Bold Accomplished Women, which gives women and minorities the tools to advance in the workplace. St Monica Trust was founded on a commitment to not only support those who live with us in our villages and care homes, but also to older people in their own communities. All of this experience makes her a unique professional with the ability to address not only restructuring and business issues, but also focus on diversity and inclusion. In addition, she has been hired by public companies to report to their board of directors on diversity and inclusion matters. Based on her 20+ year career as a fiduciary as well as a restructuring and reorganization and litigation attorney, she has been retained by companies as a tool for their in-house team to interface with outside counsel and other advisors and became an invaluable member of the company’s team acting as a chief legal strategy officer to assess and manage the alternative restructuring strategies. Her varied experience leads to an innovative approach to solving complex business issues and effectively managing risk.ĭuring her 22 years of practice at several Large Global Law firms, she represented debtors, secured, and unsecured creditors in many major cases. Monica Blacker is an investor, advisor, and international speaker who has extensive experience assisting clients in high stakes litigation and restructurings. Monica is a Dallas-based Partner who joined Force 10 with a long track record as a restructuring expert, Chambers-recognized bankruptcy attorney and advocate for bringing diversity and women to top corporate positions. Brain Inj 27(4):394–398įederico A, Maier A, Vianello G, Mapelli D, Trentin M, Zanette G, Picelli A, Gandolfi M, Tamburin S (2015) Screening for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: comparison of the Italian versions of three neuropsychological tests. Wong GK, Ngai K, Lam SW, Wong A, Mok V, Poon WS (2013) Validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for traumatic brain injury patients with intracranial haemorrhage. Tu QY, Jin H, Ding BR, Yang X, Lei ZH, Bai S, Zhang YD, Tang XQ (2013) Reliability, validity, and optimal cutoff score of the Montreal cognitive assessment (Changsha version) in ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients of human province, China. Lam B, Middleton LE, Masellis M, Stuss DT, Harry RD, Kiss A, Black SE (2013) Criterion and convergent validity of the Montreal cognitive assessment with screening and standardized neuropsychological testing. Smith T, Gildeh N, Holmes C (2007) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: validity and utility in a memory clinic setting. Oudman E, Postma A, Van der Stigchel S, Appelhof B, Wijnia JW, Nijboer TC (2014) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is superior to the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in detection of Korsakoff’s syndrome. Wong GK, Lam SW, Wong A, Ngai K, Poon WS, Mok V (2013) Comparison of Montreal cognitive assessment and mini-mental state examination in evaluating cognitive domain deficit following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. ĭamian AM, Jacobson SA, Hentz JG, Belden CM, Shill HA, Sabbagh MN, Caviness JN, Adler CH (2011) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the mini-mental state examination as screening instruments for cognitive impairment: item analyses and threshold scores. Skorvanek M, Goldman JG, Jahanshahi M, Marras C, Rektorova I, Schmand B, van Duijn E, Goetz CG, Weintraub D, Stebbins GT, Martinez-Martin P, members of the MDS Rating Scales Review Committee (2018) Global scales for cognitive screening in Parkinson's disease: critique and recommendations. Santangelo G, Russo A, Trojano L, Falco F, Marcuccio L, Siciliano M, Conte F, Garramone F, Tessitore A, Tedeschi G (2016) Cognitive dysfunctions and psychological symptoms in migraine without aura: a cross-sectional study. McLennan SN, Mathias JL, Brennan LC, Stewart S (2011) Validity of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a cardiovascular population. Godefroy O, Fickl A, Roussel M, Auribault C, Bugnicourt JM, Lamy C, Canaple S, Petitnicolas G (2011) Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment superior to the mini-mental state examination to detect poststroke cognitive impairment? A study with neuropsychological evaluation. Videnovic A, Bernard B, Fan W, Jaglin J, Leurgans S, Shannon KM (2010) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction in Huntington's disease. Gagnon JF, Postuma RB, Joncas S, Desjardins C, Latreille V (2010) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in REM sleep behavior disorder. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H (2005) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Specifically developed normative data must be adopted for using MoCA in serial cognitive assessments for clinical and research studies. The three MoCA forms are not strictly parallel. Correlation analysis showed strong correlations of MoCA 2 ( r = 0.69, p < .001) and MoCA 3 ( r = 0.61, p < .001) adjusted total scores with MMSE adjusted scores. Inferential cutoff for adjusted scores, estimated using a non-parametric technique, were 17.49 for MoCA 2 and 18.34 for MoCA 3. From the derived linear equation, correction grids for MoCA 2 and 3 raw scores were built and equivalent scores computed. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age and education significantly influenced MoCA 2 and 3 total scores. ResultsĪ three-step procedure complemented by confirmatory factor analysis and a mixed factorial ANOVA suggested that the three MoCA versions are not strictly parallel. Three separate convenience samples were recruited: the first ( n = 78) completed three alternate MoCA versions for ascertaining inter-form parallelism the second ( n = 302) and the third ( n = 413) samples were administered MoCA 2 or 3 to compute normative data. Alternate forms of the MoCA were developed to avoid “learning effect” in serial assessments, and the present study aimed at investigating inter-form parallelism and at providing normative values for the Italian versions of MoCAs 2 and 3. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a screening test widely used in clinical practice and suited for detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment. |
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